Biodiversity refers to the variety of all living organisms on Earth and the interconnections among them. It encompasses everything from plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms to entire ecosystems.
Why is Biodiversity Important?
Ecosystem Balance and Climate Stability
Living organisms are interconnected and maintain natural balance. For example, in Mongolia’s steppe ecosystem, birds of prey control populations of rodents like mice and marmots. If this connection is disrupted, rodent populations may explode, leading to soil degradation and increased desertification.
Soil Fertility and Sustainable Agriculture
Healthy soil depends on a variety of microorganisms, worms, and plants. If the soil ecosystem is damaged, agricultural productivity decreases, and desertification accelerates. In Mongolia’s agricultural lands, maintaining ecosystem balance is crucial to preserving soil nutrients.
Livestock Husbandry and Plant Diversity
Mongolia’s traditional livestock husbandry directly depends on the diversity of pasture plants. Certain medicinal plants play an important role in livestock health. If specific plant species disappear, forage becomes scarce, reducing livestock productivity.
Clean Water and Air Quality
Forests and green spaces absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Additionally, river and lake ecosystems self-purify with the help of fish, algae, and microorganisms. Mongolia's unique wetland ecosystems and migratory birds contribute to maintaining water quality.
Culture, Traditions, and Intrinsic Value
In Mongolia, protecting biodiversity is especially important, as the natural world is not only vital to the health of our ecosystems but also holds deep cultural and spiritual significance. For centuries, Mongolian traditions, livelihoods, and beliefs have been closely tied to the land, its wildlife, and the balance of nature. Safeguarding biodiversity is, therefore, essential not just for environmental sustainability, but also for preserving our cultural heritage and way of life.
